目的 探讨先天性甲状舌管囊肿或瘘管的病因、临床表现、诊断及治疗方法，以提高对其的诊治水平。方法 回顾 性分析41例先天性甲状舌管囊肿或瘘管患者的临床资料。结果 术后随访3月-18月，平均6.3月。37例采用经典的 Sistrunk术式，2例出现复发，再次行扩大的Sistrunk术式，其余患者术后均一期愈合，随访期间无复发。3例直接 行扩大的Sistrunk术式，1例舌根部囊肿患者，采用支撑喉镜下激光囊肿切除术和颈外径路Sistrunk术，术后均无 复发。结论 术前明确囊肿或瘘管的位置和走行是先天性甲状舌管囊肿或瘘管诊断和鉴别诊断的重要依据，经典的 Sistrunk术式是其治疗的有效方法。

Objective To study the etiology, clinical manifestation and the diagnosis and treatment of congenital thyroglossal duct cyst or fistula in order to improve the level of diagnosis and treatment. Methods The clinical data of 41 cases who were diagnosed as thyroglossal duct cyst or fistula were retrospectively studied. Results Postoperative followup of 3 months to 18 months, an average of 6.3 months.37 cases received Sistrunk operation, with 2 cases relapsed and received modified Sistrunk operation, all of them had primary healing.3 cases direct received modified Sistrunk operation,1 case of thyroglossal cyst in the base of tongue with support laryngoscope under laser resection of the cyst and was completely removed with transcervical Sistrunk procedure. Conclusion The important basis of diagnosis and differential diagnosis in congenital thyroglossal duct cyst or fistula is preoperative definite its location and direction, the classic Sistrunk operation is the effective method of treatment.