Objective To investigate clinical and imaging features of reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome(RPLS) in childhood with Henoch-Schönlein purpura and to improve recognition of RPLS secondary to HSP among pediatric clinicians. Methods The clinical, imaging, treatment and prognosis data of 17 cases with RPLS secondary to HSP were retrospectively analyzed. 2 cases were diagnosed in our hospital , and the others were reported by previous literature. Results There were 10 female and 7 male cases in total. 12 cases were accepting therapy of immunosuppressive agents. The main clinical characteristics of RPLS were epileptic attack (17cases), headache(5cases),visual disorder (9cases), conscious disturbance(6cases). Most results of magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) showed symmetric long T1 and T2 signal in the occipital lobe. 17 cases were all improved soon after treatment of anti-convulsion, reducing intracranial pressure and controlling primary disease. Conclusion If cases with HSP have any clinical manifestations of seizures, headache, visual disturbances, unconsciousness, RPLS should be considered. Cranial MRI is the most important diagnostic examination for RPLS. Early recognition and recognition treatment of RPLS secondary to HSP may facilitate the prognosis.