Objective To study the application of nursing risk management in children undergoing scalp vein infusion. Methods A total of 150 children undergoing scalp vein infusion in our hospital were taken as the clinical research objects, and they were divided into experimental group (75 cases) and control group (75 cases). Both groups accepted traditional nursing. Besides, the experimental group accepted additional nursing risk management in order to compare their adverse event rates during intravenous infusion, basic nursing level of nursing staff, operating proficiency, control ability of risk management and satisfaction degree of family numbers before and after nursing intervention. Results During intravenous infusion, the repeated puncture rate, liquid leakage rate and needle dropping rate in the experimental group were respectively 2.67%, 2.67% and 4% which were lower than those in the control group 12%, 13.33% and 14.67%, the basic nursing level of nursing staff, operating proficiency and control ability of risk management in the experimental group were all significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05), the satisfaction degree of family numbers in the experimental group was 93.83% which was higher than that in the control group 72.5%. Conclusion Nursing risk management in children undergoing scalp vein infusion which has better nursing effect, lower adverse event rates, higher overall quality of the nursing staff and satisfaction degree can significantly improve the clinical quality of nursing.