Objective To investigate the efficacy of growth inhibitor combined with emergency surgery in the treatment of acute cholecystitis. Methods 150 patients with acute cholecystitis treated in our hospital from September 2014 to September 2016 were randomly divided into observation group (75 cases) and control group (75 cases). Both groups were given emergency surgical treatment; besides, the observation group was given additional growth inhibitor, the efficacies of the two groups were compared. Results In the observation group, 1 case (1.33%) was converted to open surgery due to severe inflammatory tissue adhesion during operation, 12 cases (16.0%) were converted to open surgery due to severe inflammatory exudation and edema in the control group. The inflammatory index level of the observation group was lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). The recovery time of clinical symptoms such as fever, nausea vomiting and abdominal pain in the observation group was shorter than that in the control group(P<0.05). The total incidence of postoperative adverse reactions in the observation group (17.3%) was significantly lower than that in the control group (34.7%)(P<0.05). Conclusion Growth inhibitor can reduce bile secretion, inflammatory reaction, exudation, edema and adhesion around lesions, improve the success rate of emergency surgery, reduce the incidence of surgical complications and promote the recovery of patients as soon as possible.