Objective To study the clinical effect of negative pressure occlusion drainage combined with external fixator in nursing patients with open fractures of limbs. Methods 68 cases of patients with open fractures were enrolled in this study from June 2013 to June 2016. They were divided into two groups according to the random number expression. The patients in both groups received negative pressure closed drainage technique combined with external fixator . The observation group (N=34 cases) and the control group (n=34 cases). The control group was the routine nursing group. The observation group was the targeted care group, and the nursing effect of the two groups was observed and compared. Results The total effective rate (83.00%) in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group (58.00%), the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Through the efficacy of the criteria found, the satisfaction degree of nurses was (87±5.4) in the observation group, which was higher than that in the control group of (62±1.7), the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion The patients with open fractures of the limbs adopt negative pressure closed drainage and external fixation treatment, and give targeted care, can significantly reduce the risk of re - infection, improve the effectiveness of clinical treatment and satisfaction with the care.