目的 分析心肌梗死患者早期低钾血症的发生情况及其与恶性心律失常发病的关系。方法 采集我院自2013年1 月-2017年1月收治的417例心肌梗死患者作为本次研究对象，将患者临床资料进行回顾性分析，统计低钾血症的发 生情况及其其与恶性心律失常发病的关系，并对低钾血症所致恶性心律失常患者治疗前后的血钾水平、心电图变化 情况进行对比。结果 417例心肌梗死患者中，低钾血症的发生率为20.14%，经组间分析，发生低钾血症患者与正常 血钾患者在年龄、性别、合并高血压病例及药物使用情况等一般资料上对比无差异（P＞0.05）；同时，低钾血症 患者中有33（39.28%）例患者发生恶性心律失常，依次为28（84.85%）例室性期前收缩、3（9.09%）例持续性室性 心动过速病例、1（3.03%）例短阵尖端室性心动过速及1（3.03%）例心室颤动，显著高于正常血钾组的18.91%；经 治疗后，低钾血症患者的血钾水平均恢复至正常范围，恶性心律失常的发生率亦减少至8（24.24%）例，上述指标 行组间或组内对比其差异均具统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 心肌梗死患者早期发生低钾血症风险较大，而低钾血 症患者发生恶性心律失常的风险也较血钾正常患者高，临床需重视低钾血症的发生，并给予积极防治。

Objective To analyze the relationship between the occurrence of hypokalemia and the incidence of malignant arrhythmia in patients with early myocardial infarction. Methods 417 cases of myocardial infarction patients in our hospital from Jan.2013 to Jan.2017 were collected as the research objects. The clinical data of these patients were retrospectively analyzed, the relationship between the occurrence of hypokalemia and the incidence of malignant arrhythmia was statistically investigated, and the changes of serum potassium level and electrocardiogram in patients with hypokalemia induced malignant arrhythmia were compared. Results The incidence rate of hypokalemia in these 417 myocardial infarction patients was 20.14%, and the inter group analysis showed that there was no significant difference in general information as age, sex, hypertension and drug use between the patients with hypokalemia and patients with normal serum potassium (P>0.05), at the same time, the incidence rate of malignant arrhythmia in patients with hypokalemia was 39.28% (28 cases with premature ventricular contraction, 3 cases with sustained ventricular tachycardia, 1 case with short terminal ventricular tachycardia and 1 case with ventricular fibrillation) which was significantly higher than that in patients with normal serum potassium 18.91%; after treatment, the serum potassium levels in patients with hypokalemia were returned to normal range, the incidence of malignant arrhythmia was also reduced to 8 (24.24%) cases, and the inter and intra-group differences of above indicators were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion The risk of hypokalemia in patients with early myocardial infarction is greater, while the risk of malignant arrhythmias in patients with hypokalemia is higher than that in patients with normal serum potassium, therefore, attention should be paid to the occurrence of hypokalemia, and positive prevention and treatment should be given in clinic.