目的 探讨新生儿急性胆红素脑病发生的危险因素。方法 选取2013年2月-2015年10月我院收治的58例新生儿急性胆 红素脑病患儿（研究组）及同期筛选的58例无胆红素脑病新生儿（对照组）为研究对象，观察比较两组研究对象 的一般资料、合并症以及实验室检查等临床因素，并分析总结出新生儿急性胆红素脑病发生的危险因素。结果 两 组胎龄、窒息缺氧所占百分比相较无明显差异（P＞0.05），研究组出生体重较对照组明显低，总胆红素峰值明显 高，12小时内出现黄疸、G-6-PD缺乏、感染、新生儿溶血、代谢性酸中毒、低蛋白血症所占百分比均较对照组显著 高，差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 出生体重低、高总胆红素峰值、12小时内出现黄疸、G-6-PD缺乏、感 染、新生儿溶血、代谢性酸中毒、低蛋白血症是引发新生儿急性胆红素脑病的危险因素。

Objective To investigate the risk factors of neonatal acute bilirubin encephalopathy. Methods From February 2013 to October 2015, 58 neonates with acute bilirubin encephalopathy (study group) and 58 neonates without bilirubin encephalopathy (control group) in our hospital were enrolled in the study. The general data, complications and laboratory tests were observed and compared between the two groups. The risk factors of neonatal acute bilirubin encephalopathy were analyzed and summarized. Results The gestational age and percentage of cases with asphyxia showed no significant differences between the two groups (P>0.05). The birth weight of study group was significantly lower than that of control group while the total bilirubin peak was significantly higher. The percentages of cases with jaundice in 12 hours, G-6-PD deficiency, infection, neonatal hemolysis, metabolic acidosis and hypoproteinemia in the study group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Low birth weight, high total bilirubin peak, incidence of jaundice within 12 hours, G-6-PD deficiency, infection, neonatal hemolysis, metabolic acidosis and hypoproteinemia are the risk factors for neonatal acute bilirubin encephalopathy.