目的 探讨预防性回肠造口在低位直肠癌新辅助治疗后保肛术中的应用。方法 选取我院2012年6月-2014年7月低位 直肠癌新辅助治疗后行腹腔镜辅助下直肠癌前切除术的患者103例。实施预防性回肠造口(试验组)49例，未实施预 防性回肠造口(对照组)54例，试验组行直肠癌低位前切除术后行预防性回肠造口，术后3-6月后行造口回纳，对照 组常规行直肠癌低位前切除保肛术。比较两组患者吻合口瘘发生率和平均住院时间。结果 本组103例患者均顺利完 成治疗，试验组无一例发生吻合口瘘，平均住院时间16.49±7.62d，对照组吻合口瘘发生率为18.5%，平均住院时 间23.52±12.61d，两组患者比较差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。结论 低位直肠癌新辅助治疗后保肛术行预防性回 肠造口可降低吻合口瘘的发生率，减少住院天数，可作为一种安全的常规辅助手术。

Objective To explore the application of preventive ileostomy in sphincter-preserving after neoadjuvant therapy for low rectal cancer. Methods From June 2012 to July 2014, 103 patients with laparoscopic anterior resection for colorectal cancer after neoadjuvant therapy were divided into two groups. Experimental group was performed in 49 patients and were treated with preventive ileostomy after laparoscopic anterior resection. Stoma closure after 3 to 6 months. Control Group in the other 54 patients were treated with sphincter-preserving in laparoscopic anterior resection. Postoperative data were compared between two groups in the rate of anastomotic fistula and the average hospital stay. Results 103 patients were successfully treated. Experimental group had no one of anastomotic fistula, and the average hospital stay was 16.49±7.62d. Anastomotic fistula incidence occurred in the control group was 18.5%, and the average hospital stay was 23.52±12.61d. There was significant difference in these two aspects between the two groups (P﹤0.05). Conclusions Preventive ileostomy can reduce the risk of anastomotic fistula and hospital stay in laparoscopic anterior resection sphincter-preserving after neoadjuvant therapy for low rectal cancer. It can be used as a safe routine assisted surgery.