目的 分析比较脑白质损伤 (White matter injury,WMI)早产儿颅脑 超声和磁共振成像(Magnetic resonance imaging, MRI)影像表现。方法 回顾性 分析2016年1月-2017年3月我院行MRI及 颅脑超声检查的242例疑似WMI早产患儿 临床资料，分析比较2种检查方法检出情 况及诊断价值。结果 MRI诊断正确226 例(93.39%)，漏诊12例(5.56%)，误诊 4例(1.85%)；颅脑超声诊断正确189例 (78.10%)，漏诊43例(19.91%)，误诊10例 (4.63%)。MRI与颅脑超声诊断的灵敏度、 特异度、阳性预测值比较，差异无统计学 意义(P＞0.05)；但MRI诊断的阴性预测值 及准确率明显高于颅脑超声(P＜0.05)。 结论 MRI及颅脑超声检查均对诊断早期 WMI有一定意义，但MRI诊断准确率更高， 对临床尽早干预及患儿预后均有利。

Objective To analyze and compare the craniocerebral imaging and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) imaging findings in premature infants with white matter injury (WMI). Methods The clinical data of 242 suspected WMI premature infants treated with MRI and craniocerebral ultrasound in our hospital from January 2016 to March 2017 were analyzed retrospectively. The detection conditions and diagnostic values of the 2 methods were analyzed and compared. Results There were 226 cases (93.39%) with correct diagnosis, 12 cases (5.56%) with missed diagnosis and 4 cases (1.85%) with misdiagnosis by MRI. There were 189 cases (78.10%) with correct diagnosis, 43 cases (19.91%) with missed diagnosis and 10 cases (4.63%) with misdiagnosis by craniocerebral ultrasound. There was no significant difference in the sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value by MRI or craniocerebral ultrasound(P>0.05). However, the negative predictive value and accuracy of MRI diagnosis were significantly higher than those of craniocerebral ultrasound (P<0.05). Conclusion Both MRI and craniocerebral ultrasound have certain significance in the diagnosis of early WMI, but the diagnostic accuracy is higher by MRI and is beneficial to early clinical intervention and prognosis of children patients.