Objective To explore the efficacy of pulmonary rehabilitation training combined with drug inhalation in the treatment of patients with moderate-to-severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods A total of 140 patients with moderate-to-severe COPD admitted to our hospital from February 2016 to February 2018 were selected. According to the random sampling method, the patients were divided into observation group and control group, with 70 cases in each group. Control group was treated with aerosol inhalation of salmeterol and fluticasone propionate, and observation group was given pulmonary rehabilitation training combined with aerosol inhalation of salmeterol and fluticasone propionate. The ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1s and forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC), percentage of forced expiratory volume in 1s of predicted value(FEV1%Pre), maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV) and 6-min walking test (6MWT) were observed in the two groups before and after treatment, and the COPD assessment test (CAT) was recorded. Results After treatment, the FEV1/FVC, FEV1% Pre and MVV in the two groups were significantly higher than those before treatment (P<0.05), and the indexes in observation group were significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the 6MWT in observation group was significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.05), and the CAT score was significantly lower than that in control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Pulmonary rehabilitation training combined with salmeterol and fluticasone propionate inhalation can improve the quality of life by effectively improving pulmonary function and enhancing exercise tolerance in the treatment of moderate-to-severe COPD.