Objective To explore the application of 3.0T magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) and three-dimensional arterial spin labeling (3D-ASL) cerebral perfusion imaging in the diagnosis of ischemic cerebrovascular disease. Methods Sixty patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease admitted in our hospital between July 2014 and July 2015 were selected as the study subjects. 3.0T MRA and CD-ASL cerebral perfusion imaging were respectively used for diagnosis, and the results were observed. The consistency in the diagnosis of transient ischemic attack, large-area cerebral infarction, small-area cerebral infarction and images were analyzed. Results The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of 3D-ASL (93.33%, 90.00%) were higher than those of MRA (70.00%, 66.67%) (P<0.05). In 15 cases with transient ischemic attack, the diagnosis of 11 cases were consistent while of 4 cases were not consistent, and the 4 cases, were diagnosed as perfusion decline by 3DASL. However, the diagnosis of MRA showed no abnormality. The diagnosis of MRA and 3D-ASL in 21 cases with large-area cerebral infarction were consistent. In 24 cases with small-area cerebral infarction, the diagnosis of 17 patients was not consistent while of 7 cases was consistent. Conclusion The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of 3D-ASL are higher than those of MRA. The consistency of 3D-ASL and MRA in the diagnosis of large-area cerebral infarction is high.