Objective To investigate correlation of quantitative parameters of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI of the breast volume transfer constant (Ktrans), extravascular extracellular volume fraction (Ve), the rate constants (Kep) with immunohistochemical markers of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), microvessel density (MVD). Methods 40 patients with malignant breast disease, 30 patients with benign breast disease and 30 patients with non-fat breast health clinic diagnosed in our hospital from November 2015 to November 2017 were classified as malignant group, benign group and control group. Patients were screened by dynamic mammary gland MRI for bilateral armpits and breasts. MRI quantitative parameters such as Ktrans, Kep and Ve were recorded. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect VEGF and MVD of breast lesions in the malignant group and benign group, and the correlation between MRI and quantitative parameters was analyzed. Results Ktrans, Kep and Ve in malignant group were significantly higher than those in benign group and control group, and were significantly higher in benign group than in control group (P<0.05). The VEGF and MVD in the benign group were significantly higher than those in the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Ktrans, Kep and Ve were positively correlated with VEGF and MVD (P<0.05). Conclusion Ktrans, Kep and Ve are positively correlated with VEGF and MVD, and have important value in differential diagnosis of benign and malignant breast diseases.