Objective We analyze the correlationship of the prognosis of patients and parameters value using magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging technology (DTI) on patients with cerebral infarction in acute, subacute and chronic phases. Methods A total of eligible153 cases of new cerebral infarction patients was detected by using DTI in focal zone of damage side and the contralateral brain region in different phases respectively, including the Average Diffusion Coefficient (DCavg), Volume Ratio Anisotropy (VRA), Fractional Anisotropy (FA) and the Exponential attenuation(Exat). Finally according to the results of MBI score the patients were divided into rehabilitation group and the group that was not rehabilitated (no rehabilitation group). Results In acute phase the VRA value from the focal zone of the two groups were significantly decreased than the contralateral area (P<0.05). In subacute phase the VRA value of ROI of rehabilitation group had no change compared with acute phase, the VRA value of ROI in no rehabilitation group continued to reduce, and is statistically significant with rehabilitation group(P<0.05). In the chronic phase the VRA value in the lesion areas of rehabilitation group is still no statistical difference with the acute phase and subacute phase, while the VRA value in lesion areas of no rehabilitation group continued to reduce, and showed the more statistical difference with rehabilitation group(P<0.01). In the chronic phase the DCavg values in no rehabilitation group continued to rise, while the rehabilitation group increased slowly, the no rehabilitation group was increased more obviously compared with the other group(P<0.01). In the subacute stage the Exat value of rehabilitation group was decreased, no statistical difference compared with the contralateral ROI, but the Exat value was dropped slowly in the no rehabilitation group, still statistically difference compared with the contralateral ROI and the rehabilitation group;In chronic phase the Exat value in the rehabilitation group returned to normal level, but the Exat value of ROI in the no rehabilitation group dropped not much, and still had differences with contralateral ROI and the rehabilitation group (P<0.05). Conclusion By application of magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to obtain these parameter values, we can comprehensively analyze the prognosis of patients with cerebral infarction,and formulate personalized scheme for clinical rehabilitation therapy for cerebral infarction patients.