Objective To investigate the characteristics of congenital bronchial atresia in MSCT scan, and to improve the diagnosis of this disease. Methods 17 cases of congenital bronchial atresia diagnosed by bronchoscopy or surgical pathology were collected admitted to our hospital from January 2014 to May 2016. The characteristics of MSCT scan images were analyzed in 17 cases of congenital bronchial atresia. Results Patients showed sparse lung image and MSCT plain scan axial patients with abnormal development of lung field transmittance increased. 9 patients occurred in the left lung, 4 patients occurred in the left upper lung, 5 patients occurred in the left lower lung, 8 patients occurred in the right lung, 3 patients occurred in the right upper lung, 5 patients occurred in the right middle and lower lung, 14 patients showed signs of emphysema, 3 patients without emphysema. The mucous plug attached to the bronchus was a "branch-like" shape, 15 patients were confined to a lung segment change, the 12 cases associated with pulmonary vascular lumen smaller pulmonary vascular branch. Conclusion Congenital bronchial atresia showed characteristic MSCT images and its MSCT scan images can be signs of congenital bronchial atresia patients to visualize the image. It is helpful for the accurate diagnosis of patients according to the characteristics of the image.