Objective Aim to build a simple and effective method of primary cell culture induced differentiation and staining of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSC) and observe the biological characteristics and potential capacity of BMSC to differentiate to osteoblasts and adipocytes, thus we can make ready for the gene modification of BMSC in the future. Methods BMSC was separated by whole bone marrow culture and induced by differentiation induced solution. To investigate the methods of separation, culture, the growth law, the conditions of osteoblasts and adipocytes differentiation by observing the form change of BMSC, staining identification of osteoblasts and adipocytes during differentiation. Results (1) BMSC was successfully separated, cultured and the growth curve of BMSC of the 4th generation was drew, (2) Identified the osteogenic potential by alizarin red staining, (3) Identified the osteogenic potential by Oil red O staining. Conclusion The purity of BMSC separated by whole bone marrow culture can reached a certain level after subcultured for 4 times and the BMSC can differentiate to osteoblasts and adipocytes under special conditions which can be identified by certain stainings.