目 的 分析原发性滑膜 骨 软 骨 瘤 病 （ p r i m a r y s y n o v i a l osteochondromatosis，PSOC）的影像学 表现特点，以期提高对本病的诊断水平。 方法 收集经手术及病理证实的PSOC 共46 例进行回顾性分析。46例均行X线平片检 查，其中行CT平扫28例，MRI平扫12例。 结果 X线平片主要见关节内多发大小不 一、数目不等的游离体、悬垂体影，多 层螺旋CT平扫可更清晰显示关节和滑囊 内较小的游离体、增厚的滑膜及关节腔 积液。MRI可见未钙化的滑膜软骨瘤结 节，并可清晰地显示软骨、滑膜及周围软 组织改变。结论 X线平片和CT可以清楚 显示钙化或骨化的软骨结节，对于PSOC MilgramⅡ、Ⅲ期有重要诊断价值；而对 于其Ⅰ期病例的未钙化或骨化的软骨结 节，X线平片和CT难以显示，MRI则往往能 够清楚显示，从而可望做出正确诊断。因 而影像学在本病的诊断中起着非常重要的 作用。

Objective To improve the diagnostic rate of primary synovial osteochondromatosis by analyzing the imaging features. Methods Analyze 46 cases of primary synovial osteochondromatosis which confirmed by surgery and pathology retrospectively. All 46 cases were undergone X-ray examination, of which 28 cases underwent CT examination and 12 cases underwent MRI examination. Results X-ray plain film showed multiple sizes and numbers of free bodies and dangling bodies. Spiral CT plain scan can clearly find the smaller free body, thickening of the synovial fluid and joint effusion in the joint and synovial bursa. Conclusion X-ray plain film and CT can clearly show the calcification or ossification of the cartilage nodules and have important value in the diagnosis of Milgram stage II and III synovial osteochondromatosis. MRI is able to show cartilage tumor nodules without calcification or ossification in Milgram I clearly, which is expected to make a correct diagnosis. Therefore imaging plays a very important role in the diagnosis of this disease.