目 的 探究低剂量容积 高分辨率CT(volumetrichighresolutioncomputedtomography, vHRCT) 在儿童支气管扩张中的临床表现及意义， 为儿童支气管扩张的诊断提供理论依据。 方法 选择2015年12月-2016年12月于我院 诊治的50例儿童支气管扩张患者，所有患 儿均行vHRCT检查，分析并记录所有患儿 的影像学表现：包括支气管扩张类型、分 布、支扩合并病变种类及不同支气管扩张 类型的CT表现。结果 50例儿童支气管扩 张患者中柱状支气管扩张42例、囊状支气 管扩张3例、囊柱状支气管扩张5例，比例 分别为84.00%、6.00%、10.00%;共计136 个肺叶支气管扩张，左肺上叶、舌叶、下 叶、右肺上叶、中叶、下叶分别为17个、 12个、32个、19个、23个、33个，比例分 别为12.50%、8.82%、23.53%、13.97%、 16.91%、24.26%；柱状支气管扩张主要 CT表现为特异性的“印戒征”及“轨道 征”；囊状支气管扩张表现为多囊腔相邻 时观察到蜂窝状，支气管表现为囊袋状扩 张；囊柱状支气管扩张既表现为囊状又有 柱状, 支气管扩张粗细不均,表现为静脉 曲张状。结论 儿童支气管扩张以柱状支 气管扩张为主，各肺叶均可见支气管扩张 征象，特征性CT表现是儿童支气管扩张早 期诊断的有效检查方法。

Objective To investigate the clinical manifestation and significance of volumetric high-resolution computed tomography (vHRCT) in children's bronchiectasis and provide a theoretical basis for the diagnosis of bronchodilation in children. Methods 50 cases of children with bronchiectasis treated in our hospital from December 2015 to December 2016 were selected and underwent vHRCT examination. The types and distribution of bronchiectasis and the lesion types of combined diseases are included; The CT findings of different types of bronchiectasis were analyzed. Results Among the 50 cases, there were 43 cases with cylindrical bronchiectasis (84.00%), 2 cases with cystic bronchiectasis (6.00%) and 4 cases with sacculocylindrical bronchiectasis (10.00%). Among 136 signs of lobar bronchiectasis, the lobus superior, ligular, lobus inferior of the left lung, and the lobus superior, lobus medius and lobus inferior of the right lung were 17 cases, 12 cases, 32 cases, 19 cases, 23 cases, 33 cases respectively, and the proportions were 12.50%, 8.82%, 23.53%, 13.97%, 16.91% and 24.26% respectively. The CT signs of cylindrical bronchiectasis were specific "signet ring sign" and "orbit sign". The CT signs of cystic bronchiectasis were alveolate when the polycystic cavity is adjacent, and the bronchus showed sacculocylindrical bronchiectasis. The CT signs of sacculocylindrical bronchiectasis is characterized by cystic and columnar, bronchiectasis was uneven in thickness and manifested as venous curvature. Conclusion Children with bronchiectasis mainly manifests as cylindrical bronchiectasis, and signs of bronchiectasis can be seen in all the lobes. Characteristic CT findings are an effective method for early diagnosis of bronchiectasis in children.