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关节病型银屑病的临床特点及影像学表现

作者:张 跃 胡 颖

所属单位:1.湖北省武汉市第一医院放射科 (湖北 武汉 430022) 2.华中科技大学同济医学院附属同 济医院放射科 (湖北 武汉 430030)

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摘要

目的 通过分析关节病型银屑病 的临床特点及影像学表现,加深对此病的 认识,提高早期诊断水平。方法 回顾性 分析20例经我院临床确诊的关节病型银屑 病的临床特点及影像学表现。结果 20例 患者根据临床表现进行了不同部位的影像 学检查。四肢小关节骨质异常者18例,其 中累及远侧指(趾)间关节10例,同时累及 近侧指(趾)间关节6例,均为非对称性受 累;1例患者累及双侧胸锁关节;还有9例 膝关节、4例腰椎及2例肩关节有临床症状 者,主要表现为骨质增生与骨质疏松;17 例患者胸部摄片或CT检查,仅3例发现肺 部有纤维化灶。结论 关节病型银屑病患 者当皮损先于关节炎发生时,临床表现上 有一定的特征性,很容易确诊;而对于关 节炎先发于皮损患者或皮损不典型患者, 则很容易误诊。如果我们能结合影像学检 查,特别是超声及MRI,能早期发现关节 的细微变化,为临床高度提示并早期诊断 为关节病型银屑病提供重要线索。

Objective To analyze the clinical and radiological features of psoriatic arthritis(PSA), and to deepen the understanding of this disease and improve the diagnostic level at the early stage. Methods Clinical features and radiological findings of the 20 PSA patients who were diagnosed clinically were reviewed. Results The radiological examination of 20 patients was carried out according to the clinical manifestations. Small joints of the limbs bone abnormalities in 18 cases, which involve the distal finger (toe) between the joint in 10 cases, also involving the proximal finger (toe) between the joints in 6 cases, are non-symmetrical involvement; 1 cases of patients with bilateral involvement in lock joint, and 9 cases of knee joint, 4 cases of clinical symptoms of lumbar and 2 cases of shoulder joint, the main imaging performance showed hyperplasia of bone and osteoporosis. 17 cases patients with chest radiography or CT examination, only 3 cases found lung fibrosis. Conclusion When skin lesions occur before arthritis in the patients with PSA, the clinical manifestations of the patients with arthritis are characteristic, and the patients with arthritis than the skin lesions or atypical cases, then it is easy to misdiagnosis. If we can combine radiological examination, especially the ultrasound and MRI examination, can early detection of subtle changes in joints and for clinicians in the early diagnosis of psoriatic arthritis to provide important clues.

【关键词】关节炎;银屑病;体层摄影 术;诊断

【中图分类号】R684.3

【文献标识码】A

【DOI】 10.3969/j.issn.1672- 5131.2017.05.011

前言

关节病型银屑病(psoriatic arthritis,PSA)又称为银屑病性关 节炎,是一类与银屑病有关的慢性炎性病变,它是一种特殊类型的银 屑病,发生在5~17%的银屑病患者[1],据统计好发年龄约30~50岁, 无性别差异,约75%的患者皮疹出现在关节炎之前,同时出现者约 15%,皮疹出现在关节炎后者约10%[2]。PSA于1818年由Alibert首次描 述,确诊主要是靠临床表现和实验室检查,但是由于部分患者皮疹发 生在关节炎后,因此影像学检查对于PSA的早期发现、早期诊断及早期 治疗起到至关重要的作用。