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双源CT双向法静脉造影在下肢深静脉血栓中的初步应用

作者:王绍娟1 王利伟2 顾建平2 殷信道2

所属单位:1.江苏省中医院医学影像科(江苏 南京 210029) 2.南京医科大学附属南京医院(南京市第一医院)医学影像科(江苏 南京 210006)

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摘要

目的评价双源CT双向法下肢静 脉造影(CTV)的可行性及临床应用价值。 方法 共63例患者进行了CTV检查。双向法 CTV是经左侧肘静脉和足背静脉分别注入 造影剂,在第1次注射造影剂2.5分钟后启 动扫描。间接法CTV是经肘静脉注射造影 剂,注射造影剂2.5分钟后启动扫描。直 接法CTV是经患侧足背静脉注入稀释的造 影剂60ml,速率1.5ml/s,在注射造影剂1 分钟后启动扫描。扫描方案统一采用双能 量扫描法,电压为100kV和Sn140kV,电压 配比比例为0.5,CareDose4D法自动追踪 电流,准直器宽度128x0.60mm,球管旋转 一周0.33s。结果 63例DVT患者,108条下 肢,324个血管节段,DSA在125个节段中 检出血栓,CT共检出121个血栓,CT的血 栓总检出率96.80%。双向法CTV可以提高 静脉对比度并消除边流效应,图像质量优 于间接法和直接法CTV。结论 双向法CTV 是一种可行的下肢静脉造影方法,可以弥 补间接法和直接法的不足。

Objective To evaluate the feasibility and clinical value of the bidirectional lower extremity venography (CTV) with dual-source CT. Methods 63 patients underwent CTV checks.In the bidirectional CTV, contrast agent was injected via the left cubital vein and dorsal venous, respectively, scanning was started after 2.5 minutes of the beginning of injection. In indirect CTV the contrast agent was injected through the cubital vein, the scan was started after 2.5 minutes of the beginning of injection. In the direct CTV, 60ml diluted contrast agent was injected via the diseased dorsal vein, the rate 1.5ml/ s, scanning started after 1 minutes of the beginning of injection.Ddual-energy scanning protocol was uniformly applied with the voltage ratio 0.5 of 100kV and Sn140kV, CareDose4D automatically tracking total of 108 lower limbs and 324 vascular segments. Results DVT were detected in 125 segments with DSA and in 121 segments with CT, current, collimator width 128x0.60mm, tube rotation 0.33s. 63 cases with DVT have a the total detection rate of DVT with CT was 96.80%. The bidirectional CTV can improve the contrast of veins and eliminate the side flow effects, image quality is better than the indirect and the direct CTV. Conclusion The bidirectional CTV is a feasible method of lower extremity venography and can compensate for disadvantages of the indirect and direct method.

【关键词】静脉;血栓;体层摄影术,X线计算机;血管造影术

【中图分类号】R543.6;R445.3

【文献标识码】A

【DOI】10.3969/j.issn.1672-5131.2015.05.011

前言

下肢静脉阻塞性病变以下肢深静脉血栓(deep vein thrombosis, DVT)形成和髂总静脉压迫综合征(iliac venous compression syndrome,IVCS)多见[1],后者是前者的常见病因,后者又称MayThurner综合征,是指左髂总静脉受前方的右髂总动脉和后方的脊柱挤 压而变窄,并造成下肢深静脉血液循环障碍。国内外报道约90%肺栓 塞栓子来源于下肢DVT[2,3],如能在血栓发生的早期即进行诊断并及时 采取干预措施,则能够大大降低DVT及肺栓塞等疾病的危害。目前静脉 CT造影技术(computed tomography venography,CTV)可分为间接法和 直接法两种。间接法CTV图像软组织对比度较低,三维效果不佳,直接 法CTV有边流效应造成的假阳性,两者都有明显的缺点,给临床诊断和 疗效复查工作带来很多困惑[4]。我们设计了一种双向法下肢静脉CTV技 术,将直接法和间接法的优点结合起来,一次成像,大幅提高了下肢 静脉CTV检查的成功率,取得了比较满意的结果,本文对此进行了总结 和评价,并与其它两种方法进行了比较。