目的探讨小儿病毒性脑炎的 MRI影像诊断和鉴别诊断。方法 分析20 例小儿病毒性脑炎患儿的临床资料及MRI 影像特点。结果 MRI对小儿病毒性脑炎阳 性率为80%,主要以双侧基底节区病灶最 为常见，占75%，且对称性分布，累及大 脑皮层的病变占25%，呈不对称分布。结 论 MRI影像诊断是小儿病毒性脑炎最佳的 检查方法，需要结合临床病史、血气分 析及脑脊液等实验室检查，才能做出正 确诊断。

Objective To explore the value of the MRI imaging diagnosis and differential diagnosis of viral encephalitis in infants. Methods To have a analysis of the clinical data and MRI imaging charateristics of 20 cases confirmed viral encephalitis. Results The positive rate of viral encephalitis by MRI is 80%. The lesions mostly appeared in both sides of basal ganglion region, and it was about 75% in all, and for the most of them were symmetrical distribution. The lesions affected cerebral cortex is 25%, who were unsymmetrical distribution. Conclusion MRI is the most effective examination method for viral encephalitis in infants, but it would be needed such as medical history, blood gas analysis and cerebral spinal fluid test etc. to make the correct diagnosis.