Objective To analyze the difference of T lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood of patients with cough variant asthma (CVA) and classic bronchial asthma (CA). Methods From Jun. 2014 to May 2016, a total of 60 patients with asthma in our hospital were taken as the clinical objects, which were divided into CVA group (30 patients with cough variant asthma) and CA group (30 patients with classic bronchial asthma), and another 30 healthy volunteers were selected as normal group. The differences of T lymphocyte in cough variant asthma and classic bronchial asthma were observed and compared. Results Compared with the normal group, the CD3+ in the two groups was increased slightly, the CD4+ , CD8+ and D4+ /CD8+ in the two groups were decreased, the differences in CD4+ and D4+ /CD8+ levels were statistically significant(P<0.05), the levels of CD4+ and D4+ /CD8+ in the CVA group were significantly higher than those in the CV group, and their differences were statistically significant(P<0.05). The levels of CD4+ CD25+ Treg and CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ Treg in the CVA and CA groups were significantly lower than those in the normal group, and also the levels of CD4+ CD25+ Treg and CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ Treg in the CA group were significantly lower than those in the CVA group, their differences were statistically significant(P<0.05). The Th1 and Th1/Th2 levels in the two groups were decreased, but the Th2 levels in the two groups were increased, and the Th1 level in the CVA group was lower than that in the normal group, but there was no significant difference (P>0.05), the levels of Th1 and Th2 in the two groups were lower than those in the control group, the level of Th1/Th2 in the two groups was higher than that in the control group, their differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion The expression of T lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood shows significant difference in CVA and CA patients, and the fluctuation range in CVA peripheral blood is lower than that in CA patients.