Objective To study the features of chest X-ray and CT images of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in premature infants and to explore its application value in the diagnosis and treatment of BPD. Methods The clinical data of 93 children patients with BPD in our hospital from August 2015 to August 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. The children patients were divided into mild group (n=39), moderate group (n=31) and severe group (n=23) according to oxygen dependence,and the results and differences of chest X-ray and MSCT were compared among the groups. Results The proportions of X-ray blurred pulmonary field and blurred podoid and diaphragmatic surface and the ratio of plaque shadow in mild children patients were lower than those in severe children patients, and the proportion of children patients with normal X-ray performance was higher than that in severe children patients (P<0.05). The proportions of vesicle shadow and striped dense shadow on CT findings in mild children patients were lower than those in severe children patients (P<0.05). Conclusion Chest X-ray and CT can provide imaging support for early detection and diagnosis of BPD, and can be used as the main basis for assessing the severity and progress of BPD. And they are of great significance for guiding BPD treatment and improving the prognosis of children patients.