Objective To explore the application value of CT enhanced scanning in evaluating the short-term efficacy of interventional therapy for primary liver cancer. Methods 38 patients with primary liver cancer who received transcatheter hepatic artery chemoembolization for interventional therapy in our hospital from April 2015 to January 2017 were selected. All the patients underwent CT plain scan and enhanced examination after surgery. The results of digital subtraction angiography (DSA) were taken as the "gold standard" to analyze the application value of CT enhanced scanning in evaluating the short-term efficacy of interventional therapy for primary liver cancer. Results A total of 59 lesions were detected by DSA, 41 lesions were detected by CT non-enhanced scanning (69.49%), 58 lesions were detected by CT enhanced scanning (98.30%), and the detection rate of enhanced lesions was significantly higher than that of CT plain scanning (P<0.05), but there was no statistical significance (P>0.05). The diagnostic sensitivity of lesions greater than or equal to 3cm and less than 3cm was 94.44% and 97.56%, respectively, significantly higher than that of CT plain scan (P<0.05). The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of enhanced CT were significantly higher than that of non-enhanced CT (P<0.05). The diagnostic sensitivity of enhanced CT for complicated portal cancer emboli was 70.83%, which was significantly higher than that of non-enhanced CT (P<0.05). CT examination showed that there were 9 total, 22 defect, 11 sparse and 17 new lesions. Conclusion CT enhanced scanning can effectively evaluate the short-term efficacy of interventional therapy after transcatheter hepatic artery chemoembolization in patients with primary liver cancer.