Objective To explore effects of Rosuvastatin on the vigor index and carotid plaques of patients with carotid atherosclerosis. Methods Sixty patients with carotid atherosclerosis of carotid plaques which confirmed by carotid artery Doppler ultrasonography were admitted as research subjects, and the patients were divided into the control group and the observation group, patients in the control group were subject to enteric coated Aspirin treatment, and patients in the observation group were subject to Rosuvastatin combining enteric coated Aspirin treatment, efficacies and corresponding affects on the vigor index and carotid plaques of patients in two groups were compared. Results There was no difference in the level of triacylglycerol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and number of patches of patients between the observation group and control group after the treatment (p>0.05). The total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and plaque thickness of patients in the control group were better than that in the control group (p<0.05), and the difference was statistically significant. Conclusions Rosuvastatin applied on patients with carotid atherosclerosis is capable of reducing the serum total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol, decreasing the thickness of the plaques and improving the life quality of patients, which deliver high value in clinical.