Objective To investigatethe features of CT characteristic manifestations and CT diagnosis of different anterior mediastinal lesions. Methods 39 cases ofpatients with anterior mediastinal lesionscomfirmed bypathological diagnosis who were admitted intothe hospital from March 2012 to February 2014 were selected as the research object and all of themwere given pathological examination and CTimageological examination. Therelated inspection results were recorded. Taking the results of pathological examinationas the gold standard, the accuracy, specificity and sensitivity of CT diagnosis were evaluated and the rates ofmissed diagnosis and misdiagnosis were recorded. Results Among the enrolled 39 patients, there were 33 cases (84.6%) ofbenign lesionsshowed byresults of pathological examination, including 19 cases of thymoma (48.7%), 11 cases of teratoma (28.2%) and 3 cases of mediastinal lymphoma (7.7%). 6 cases wereconfirmed of malignant lesions (15.4%), including 3 cases of thymoma (7.7%), 2 cases of teratoma (5.1%) anda case of mediastinal lymphoma (2.6%). Taking the results of pathological examinationas the gold standard, the accuracy of CT was detected, which showed that there were 4 cases of malignant lesions correctly diagnosed by CT and 32 cases of benign lesions, which included 2 false negative cases and no false positive case. Theaccuracyof the diagnosis was 92.3% (36/39), the specificity 97.0% (32/33), the sensitivity 66.7% (4/6), the rate of missed diagnosis 0% (0/39) and therate of misdiagnosis 7.7% (3/39). Conclusion CT examination can effectively enhancethe accuracy and effectiveness ofpreoperative diagnosis of patients withanteriormediastinal lesions, which can beused in clinical diagnosis and treatmentas an important auxiliary diagnostic methodto shorten the consultation hours and improve the efficiency of diagnosis and treatment.