目的 探讨雾化吸入重组人干扰素α-1b辅治病毒性上呼吸道感染患儿的效果及其对咳嗽情况、血清SIL-2R、TNF-α 水平的影响。方法 将206例上呼吸道感染患儿随机分为对照组(n=103，给予利巴韦林治疗)和观察组(n=103，给予 雾化吸入重组人干扰素α-1b辅助利巴韦林治疗)，比较患儿咳嗽、发热、扁桃体肿大、肺内啰音等症状改善时间， 观察患儿IL-2、SIL-2R、CD4+/CD8+等免疫指标及TNF-α、IL-6、IL-10等炎性因子的变化，记录不良反应。结果 治 疗后，观察组咳嗽、发热、扁桃体肿大、肺内啰音等现象缓解时间均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)；治疗后，两组患儿 IL-2水平及CD4+/CD8+比值均显著提升(P＜0.05)，SIL-2R水平均显著下降(P＜0.05)，且观察组各指标改善幅度均显 著高于对照组(P＜0.05)；治疗后，两组TNF-α、IL-6、IL-10水平均显著下降(P＜0.05)，且观察组下降程度显著 大于对照组(P＜0.05)；两组不良反应无显著差异(P＞0.05)。结论 雾化吸入重组人干扰素α-1b辅助利巴韦林治疗 病毒性上呼吸道感染患儿，能够安全有效的加速其症状恢复，显著提升其免疫水平，降低炎性因子。

Objective To explore the effects of aerosol inhalation of recombinant human interferon α-1b on children patients with viral upper respiratory tract infection and its influence on cough and levels of serum SIL-2R and TNF-α. Methods 206 children patients with upper respiratory tract infection were randomly divided into control group (n=103, given ribavirin) and observation group (n=103, given aerosol inhalation of recombinant human interferon α-1b assisted with ribavirin). The improvement times of symptoms of cough, fever, antiadoncus and intrapulmonary rales were compared, and the immune indicators of IL-2, SIL-2R and CD4+/CD8+ and inflammatory factors of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10 were observed, and the adverse reactions were recorded. Results After treatment, the remission times of cough, fever, antiadoncus and intrapulmonary rales in observation group were significantly lower than those in control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the IL-2 level and CD4+/CD8+ ratio in the two groups were significantly increased while the level of SIL-2R was significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the improvement of each index in observation group was significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL10 in the two groups were significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the decreases in observation group were significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the adverse reactions between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion Aerosol inhalation of recombinant human interferon α-1b assisted with ribavirin can safely and effectively accelerate the recovery of symptoms, significantly improve the immune level and reduce inflammatory factors in the treatment of children with viral upper respiratory tract infection.