目的 探讨胆红素脑病的磁共振成像(MRI)诊断及鉴别诊断。方法 回顾性分析20例急性胆红素脑病及4例慢性胆红素 脑病患儿的头颅MRI图像及临床资料。结果 20例急性胆红素脑病中，18例双侧苍白球在TIWI呈对称性高信号，T2WI 呈等信号，T2flair、DWI未见异常信号，其余2例未见异常信号，对其中14例患儿进行了预后随访，均未发现后遗 症表现；4例慢性胆红素脑病，在T2WI呈对称性高信号，T1WI呈等信号，T2flair呈稍高信号，DWI未见异常信号， 对其中3例患儿进行了预后随访，有2例遗留有后遗症状。结论 急性胆红素脑病以TIWI对称性高信号为特征，及时 治疗预后良好，而慢性胆红素脑病以T2WI对称性高信号为特征，预后较差。

Objective To explore the bilirubin encephalopathy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) diagnosis and differential diagnosis. Methods Retrospective analysis of 20 cases of acute bilirubin encephalopathy and 4 cases of chronic bilirubin encephalopathy head MRI images, clinical data. Results 20 cases of acute bilirubin encephalopathy,18 cases bilateral pallidum show symmetry high signal in TIWI, equisignal in T2WI, T2flair and DWI not seen abnormal signal, and rest 2 cases did not see abnormal signal. 14 cases of children in the prognosis of follow-up, have not found sequela. 4 cases of chronic bilirubin encephalopathy, show symmetry high signal in T2WI, equisignal in T1WI, highpriced signal in T2flair, DWI not seen abnormal signal, 3 cases of children in the prognosis of follow-up, 2 cases have found sequela. Conclusion Acute bilirubin encephalopathy is characterized by symmetry high signal in TIWI, timely treatment, good prognosis and chronic bilirubin encephalopathy is characterized symmetry high signal in T2WI, prognosis is poorer.