目的 探讨非新生儿期的儿童肺出血的护理策略。方法 采用回顾性调查方法对2013年1月-2013年12月重症医学科 (Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, PICU)收治的14例儿童肺出血进行临床特点及护理经验总结。结果 男9例，女5 例，年龄1个月-11岁，创伤性4例，非创伤性10例。原发疾病白血病5例，居首位。采用密闭式吸痰管，所有病例未 发生气道梗阻，未发生呼吸机相关肺炎及坠积性肺炎。给予持续静脉注射咪达唑仑及芬太尼镇静镇痛后，会表达的 患儿对介入操作没有痛苦记忆。4例创伤性肺出血均治愈，10例非创伤性肺出血2例好转，8例死亡。结论 肺出血急 性期，在保持气道通畅基础上，尽量减少吸痰。肺出血好转期，尽早翻身、拍背可减少坠积性肺炎的发生率。咪达 唑仑联合芬太尼镇静镇痛取得较好的效果。

Objective To explore care strategy of pulmonary hemorrhage in children except neonates. Methods Clinical features and nursing experience were summarized in 14 children with pulmonary hemorrhage respectively who admitted to the pediatric intensive medicine between January 2013 and December 2013. Results 14 children (9 boys and 5 girls) were diagnosed with pulmonary hemorrhage. The ages ranged from 1 month to 11 years. The reasons were traumatic factors in 4 cases, non-traumatic in 10 cases. Leukemia (5 children) was the first reason of pulmonary hemorrhage. Closed tracheal suction catheter were used in all of patients. No respiratory tract obstruction, ventilator-associated pneumonia and hypostatic pneumonia were found. All of children were prescribed continuous intravenous midazolam and fentanyl, children improved had no uncomfortable memories on invasive operations. 4 cases with traumatic pulmonary hemorrhage had a complete recovery. 2 cases were improved and 8 cases died with non-traumatic pulmonary hemorrhage. Conclusion If the respiratory tract can be kept unobstructed, sputum suction should be reduced to minimum. When the conditions of children with pulmonary hemorrhage were improved, turning should be done as soon as possible, which was helpful to prevent hypostatic pneumonia. The combination of midazolam and fentanyl showed effective and safe sedation.