目的 分析胆红素脑病患儿的 MRI及MRS表现，总结其影像特点，同时 随访其临床转归，为急性胆红素脑病诊 断和预后提供影像学依据。方法 临床选 择2015年8月至2016年10月本院收治的高 胆红素患儿80例，根据病情严重程度分为 胆红素脑病组(n=44例)和高胆红素血症 组(n=36例)，应用颅脑轴位行常规T1WI、 T2WI、T2FLAIR及DWI序列检查，并行冠状 位T1WI、T2WI序列检查，MRS扫描野(VOI) 对豆状核区域定位，定位像为两侧苍白球 双侧最大层面。在横断面图像上分别测量 苍白球、壳核、海马、黑质、背侧丘脑的 T1WI信号强度、T2WI信号强度及表现扩散 系数(ADC)值。并分析豆状核区域的波普 数据。结果 胆红素脑病组的双侧苍白球 T1WI、T2WI等信号强度显著高于胆红素血 症组，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)；两组 患儿双侧苍白球eADC、ADC值比较差异无 统计学意义(P>0.05)；胆红素脑病组发生 听觉障碍、运动障碍、智力低下等情况显 著高于胆红素血症组，差异有统计学意义 (P<0.05)。结论 新生儿胆红素脑病的MRI 特点为双侧苍白球T1WI信号对称性增高， 预后较差，是临床诊断及评估胆红素脑病 患儿的预后的重要依据。

Objective To analyze the MRI and MRS findings of children with bilirubin encephalopathy, to summarize the imaging features, and to follow up the clinical outcomes, and to provide an imaging basis for the diagnosis and prognosis of acute bilirubin encephalopathy. Methods From August 2015 to October 2016 in our hospital 80 cases of children with high bilirubin, according to the severity of the disease is divided into bilirubin encephalopathy group (n=44 cases) and hyperbilirubinemia group (n=36 cases), the application value of axial line T1WI, T2WI, T2FLAIR and DWI series parallel inspection, coronal T1WI, T2WI sequence inspection, MRS scanning wild (VOI) on lenticula regional positioning, positioning as both sides of the maximum level of bilateral globus pallidus. The T1WI signal intensity, T2WI signal intensity and expression diffusion coefficient (ADC) of the globus pallidus, putamen, hippocampus, substantia nigra and dorsal thalamus were measured on the cross sectional images. And analyze the pop data in the lenticular nucleus. Results Bilirubin encephalopathy group bilateral globus pallidus T1WI and T2WI signal intensity was significantly higher than that of hyperbilirubinemia group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05), there was no significant difference between the two groups of children with bilateral pallidal eADC, ADC (P>0.05), bilirubin encephalopathy group movement disorder, hearing impairment, mental retardation and other significant higher than the hyperbilirubinemia group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion The MRI features of neonatal bilirubin encephalopathy are bilateral globus pallidus, T1WI signal symmetry increases, and prognosis is poor. It is an important basis for clinical diagnosis and evaluation of prognosis of children with bilirubin encephalopathy.