目的 探讨肾囊肿和囊性小肾癌 患者肾功能指标差异，分析CT检查在两种 疾病鉴别诊断中的应用价值。方法 选取 204例单纯性肾囊肿患者(A组)及15例囊性 小肾癌患者(B组)为研究对象，均经手术 病理检查确诊；将同期入院体检的60例健 康志愿者纳入对照组，三组受试者均接受 肾功能检查，两研究组患者同时接受CT平 扫及增强扫描。对比三组肾功能指标差 异；以病理诊断结果为依据，评估CT检查 在囊性小肾癌和单纯性肾囊肿鉴别诊断中 的准确性。结果 三组受试者血清肌酐值 和血尿素氮检测结果显示对照组<研究A组 <研究B组，肾小球滤过率则显示对照组> 研究A组>研究B组(P<0.05)；CT鉴别诊断 囊性小肾癌和单纯性肾囊肿的准确率为 85.8%(188/219)，其中正确诊断单纯性肾 囊肿178例(87.3%,178/204)，正确诊断囊 性小肾癌10例(66.7%,10/15)。结论 单纯 性肾囊肿和囊性小肾癌患者均存在肾功能 指标异常情况，需引起临床重视；两种疾 病的螺旋CT征象虽存在特异性，但在诊断 占位体积较小的病灶时仍具有漏诊、误诊 风险，建议将其可作为两疾病的辅助鉴别 诊断手段应用于临床诊疗工作中。

Objective To investigate the differences of renal function indexes between patients with renal cysts and cystic small renal cell carcinomas and to explore the application value of CT examination in the differential diagnosis of the two diseases. Methods Two hundred and four cases of patients with simple renal cysts (study group A) and 15 cases of patients with cystic small renal cell carcinoma (study groupB) were selected as the study subjects, and all of them were confirmed by operation and pathology. 60 healthy volunteers who received physical examination in the hospital during the same period were chosen as the control group. All the three groups received renal function examination. Patients in the two study groups received CT scan and enhanced scan at the same time. The renal function indexes were compared among the three groups; Based on the results of pathological diagnosis, the accuracy of CT examination in the differential diagnosis of cystic small renal cell carcinoma and simple renal cysts was evaluated. Results The detection results of SCr and BUN in the three groups of subjects show the control group < study group A < study group B while eGFR showed control group > study group A > study group B (P<0.05). The accuracy of CT in differential diagnosis of cystic small renal cell carcinoma and simple renal cysts was 85.8% (188/219), in which 178 cases (87.3%, 178/204) with simple renal cysts and 10 cases (66.7%,10/15) with cystic small renal cell carcinoma were diagnosed correctly. Conclusion Both of patients with simple renal cysts and cystic small cystic renal cell carcinoma have abnormal renal function indexes, which is worthy of attention; Although the spiral CT findings of the two diseases are specific, there are risks of missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis in the diagnosis of lesions with smaller occupied volume. It is suggested that CT can be used as an assisted differential diagnosis method in clinical diagnosis and treatment.