目的探讨深圳地区儿童感染后 闭塞性细支气管炎(BO)的病原、临床及影 像学特点。方法 回顾分析2009年6月至 2014年7月我院35例诊断为BO的临床及影 像资料，总结其病因、临床特点、肺功 能及影像学特点。结果 年龄(2.1±1.6) 岁，男25例，女10例。病原学检测：腺病 毒10例，肺炎支原体10例，麻疹4例，呼 吸道合胞病毒、甲型H1N1流感病毒、副 流感病毒各1例，混合感染1例。5例病原 不明。临床表现为反复或持续性喘息(35 例)、咳嗽(33例)、活动后气促(15例)， 持续或反复细湿罗音(30例)，三凹征(26 例)，口周发绀(4例)。35例肺部HRCT结 果：充气不均31例，磨玻璃影26例，马赛 克灌注征30例，空气滞留征8例，支气管 壁增厚19例，支气管扩张4例，网格影3 例，合并肺实变13例，合并肺不张5例。 Swyer-James综合征1例。28例肺功能检查 均异常：24例为小气道阻塞性通气功能障 碍，4例混合性通气功能障碍。结论 腺病 毒和肺炎支原体是深圳地区儿童感染后BO 的主要病原，结合典型的临床表现、肺部 HRCT和肺功能特点可以明确诊断BO。

Objective To investigate the clinical and HRCT characteristic of postinfectious bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) in children in Shenzhen City. Methods Clinical and HRCT data of 35 cases with post-infectious BO between June 2009 and July 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. Features of etiology, clinical data, pulmonary function and radiology were summarized. Results 35 patients consisted of 25 boys and 10 girls with mean age of (2.1±1.6) years. Previous infection pathogens included adenovirus (n=10), mycoplasma (n=10), measles virus (n=4), respiratory syncytial virus (n=1), H1N1 infuenza virus (n=1), parainfluenza virus (n=1) and mixed infection (n=1). The etiology was unknown in 5 cases. Most common clinical manifestations were repeated or persistent wheezing (n=35), cough (n=33), short of breath (n=15), crackles (n=30), retraction (n=26) and cyanosis (n=4). Major HRCT findings of 35 cases were as follows: incomplete aeration in 31 cases, mosaic perfusion in 26 cases, air trapping in 8 cases, bronchial wall thickening in 19 cases, bronchiectasis in 4 cases, reticular opacity in 3 cases, consolidation in 13 cases, atelectasis in 5 cases and Swyer-James syndrome in 1 case. 28 cases underwent pulmonary function test with abnormal results: constrictive obstruction in small airway in 24 cases and mixed pattern in the other 4 cases. Conclusions Adenovirus and mycoplasma were the two leading pathogens of post-infectious BO in Shenzhen City. According to the clinical manifestations, abnormal lung function and HRCT findings, post-infectious BO can be diagnosed correctly in an early stage.