Objective To compare the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of uterine fibroids before and after uterine artery embolization (UAE). Methods The clinical data of 45 cases of patients with uterine fibroids treated in our hospital from January 2015 -2017 July were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were given clinical examination and MRI examination before UAE so as to exclude surgical contraindications, and were given MRI recheck within 1 month after treatment. The MRI signal features and volume change of uterine fibroids were observed before and after treatment. Results After UAE, there were 42 cases (93.33%) with menstruation returned to normal, and 3 cases with different degrees of improvement, and there were no serious complications such as amenorrhea and uterine necrosis. Among 45 cases, 15 cases were single fibroids and 30 cases were multiple fibroids, and a total of 80 uterine fibroids were found. After treatment, T1WI sequences of 68(85%) fibroids were significantly increased, and T2WI sequences of 15(18.75%) fibroids were significantly reduced, and enhancement degrees of myoma enhanced scan of 72(90%) fibroids were significantly reduced, and DWI sequences of 13(16.25%) fibroids were significantly reduced. After treatment, the fibroid volume was significantly decreased compared with that before treatment [(32.48±21.20) cm3 vs (69.48±30.74) cm3 ] (t=8.862, P<0.05). Conclusion MRI is an important imaging method to evaluate the efficacy of UAE in patients with uterine fibroids.