Objective To investigate the role of CTA in evaluation of peripheral collateral circulation after femoral artery significant stenosis. Methods CTA fingdings were retrospecitvely reviewed in 45 patients with femoral artery significant stenosis and 40 healthy control subjects. Frequency of descending branch of lateral circumflex femoral artery and descending branch of arteria profunda femoral laterality at CTA in patients and that in healthy control subjects were compared. The descending branch of lateral circumflex femoral artery and descending branch of arteria profunda femoral laterality represents the existence of collateral circulation.Meanwhile, The descending branch of lateral circumflex femoral artery and descending branch of arteria profunda femoral laterality were scored,and the degree of stenosis of femoral artery was recorded,then divided them into three groups according to degree of stenosis ,and the groups were compared with each other. Results Frequency of arteria profunda femoral laterality in patients are much higher than that in healthy control subjects(P<0.1). There are statistic differences between scores of arteria profunda femoral laterality of each two groups. Conclusion After femoral artery significant stenosis, the laterality of arteria profunda femoral at CTA can be used to investigate the collateral circulation from the the descending branch of lateral circumflex femoral artery and descending branch of arteria profunda femoral.The collateral circulation evaluated at CTA is significantly associated with the degree of stenosis of femoral artery. CTA might play an important role in diagnosis, treatment and prognosis for patients with peripheral arterial obliterans disease.