Objective To analyze the laboratory indexes and CT imaging features of 16 children with primary plastic bronchitis (PB). Methods The clinical data of 16 cases of PB children admitted to our hospital during March 2014 to February 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. The clinical manifestations, laboratory indexes and CT imaging features of all children were observed. Results There were 3 cases with abnormal blood routine indexes, 6 cases with abnormal liver function indexes, 5 cases with abnormal cardiac function indexes and 5 cases with abnormal renal function indexes in the 16 children with PB. Chest CT of 16 children showed signs of pulmonary infection, double lung consolidation in 3 cases (18.75%), single lung consolidation in 10 cases (62.5), including 7 cases on the right side (43.75%) and 3 cases on the left side (18.75%), pulmonary atelectasis in 3 cases (18.75%), pleural effusion in 5 cases (31.25%), bronchial mucus impaction syndrome in 6 cases (37.5%) and pleural lesions in 2 cases (12.5%). Conclusion Chest CT examination assisted laboratory test can clearly show the features of children with primary PB. If the imaging features are not obvious, bronchoscopy should be performed as early as possible for diagnosis and treatment.