Objective To explore the specific screening of breast cancer, which is chose the prority of X-ray mammography or breast MRI is more valuable. Methods Retrospective analysis about our hospital outpatients or inpatients who accept breast mammography and MRI examination at the same time form July 2013 to August 2015. Eligible for the study were 47 cases, the conditions for the age of ≤60 age, mammary gland tissue for the dense or polyglandular type, with pathology or follow-up review as the gold standard, compared to the selection of breast mammography or MRI of specific populations of mammary gland disease in the early screening accuracy. Results The accuracy rate of mammography was 72%, and the accuracy rate of MRI was 83% in 47 cases. The results of breast mammography or MRI were different, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). In addition, it can find that the sensitivity of X-ray and MRI is consistent, both of which were 90%, while MRI specificity 71% was significantly higher the X-ray mammography (41%). Conclusion Because the MRI has high resolution of soft tissue and no radiation, it's more sensitive to the discovery of breast lesions. For patients who meet the specific conditions of the population, the choice of breast MRI as higher as a means of early screening or follow-up review the value.