Objective To investigate the application value of CT plain scan and three phase enhancement scanning in the diagnosis of peripheral neurofibroma. Methods Analyzing the CT data of 16 patients with peripheral neurofiboroma which confirmed by surgery and pathology from September 2015 to September 2017. All the selected patients were received CT scan and three phase enhancement scanning. The diagnostic value of CT plain scan and three phase enhanced scan in the diagnosis of peripheral neurofibroma was targeted analyzed. Results ① The results of spiral CT scan indicated that 2 cases of patients with tumors in the orbital, 9 cases of patients with tumors located in the posterior mediastinum, 1 cases of patients with tumors located in the retroperitoneum, 1 cases of patients with tumors located in the perineum, 3 cases of patients with tumors in the extremities. And most of the tumors were round, oval or hemispherical, and characterized by smooth edge, block, swollen and clear demarcation. The bilateral acoustic neuroma showed slightly low density in CT scan, but showed obvious enhancement, and inhomogeneous enhancement. Bilateral acoustic neuroma with meningioma showed isodensity or slightly high density shadow in CT scan, and showed obvious enhancement, and homogeneous enhancement. Single or multiple gliomas showed as low density images in CT scan images, the tumor boundary was blurred and was not obvious in enhancement scaning. And the larger tumor appeared in the surrounding tissue. Conclusion In the diagnosis of peripheral neurofibroma, CT scanning and multi-phase enhancement scanning shows the distribution, size of tumor, and the relationship with surrounding tissues. And it shows an important clinical significance.