Objective To investigate right thoracic segment esophageal squamous carcinoma laryngeal recurrent nerve lymph nodes near the CT diagnostic value. Methods A retrospective analysis, selection in May 2013 to May 2014 in our inspection of 50 cases of esophageal squamous cell carcinomas right next to the laryngeal recurrent nerve lymph nodes in patients with CT image data, observation patient's right next to the laryngeal recurrent nerve lymph node size and location, and compared with postoperative pathological results analysis. Results After a series of check and analysis, found that the 2 mm thick CT right next to the laryngeal recurrent nerve lymph diagnosis transfer for short diameter 6 mm best working point, the area under the curve, the sensitivity and specificity were 0.833, 74.1%, 76.5%; 5 mm thick CT right next to the laryngeal recurrent nerve lymph diagnosis transfer for short diameter 5 mm best working point, the area under the curve, the sensitivity and specificity were 0.836, 89.7%, 64.1%; Length of tumor, location, and other lymph node metastasis and lymph is right next to the laryngeal recurrent nerve transfer has a significant correlation (P<0.05), statistically significant difference; Right next to the laryngeal recurrent nerve transfer and whether lymphatic tumor T stage and no significant correlation between degree of tumor differentiation (P>0.05), difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion CT is applied to the thoracic segment esophageal squamous carcinoma, laryngeal recurrent nerve right next to the lymph nodes has high diagnostic value, and 5 mm thick CT is not inferior to 2 mm thick CT detection value, both can improve the diagnostic accuracy.