Objective To analyze the application value of CT in patients with lumbar vertebral fracture dislocation treated by lumbar vertebral posterior approach reduction, bone graft fusion and internal fixation of nail-stick system. Methods 30 cases of patients with lumbar 1-2 vertebral fracture dislocation treated in our hospital from March 2012 to March 2015 were treated as the research objects. All the patients underwent lumbar vertebral posterior approach reduction, bone graft fusion and internal fixation of nailstick system. All patients underwent CT examination before and after surgery and during the follow-up period. Cobb's angle, lumbar vertebral JOA scores, dislocation rates and dislocation angles were compared before and after surgery. Results 6 months after the surgery, the lumbar vertebral fusion rate showed by CT was 100%; 6 months after surgery, Cobb's angle, lumbar vertebral JOA score, dislocation rate and dislocation angle were (2.6±1.6)°, (24.2±2.5), (0.16±0.04) and (2.7±0.8)°, respectively while before surgery, they were (15.8±3.7)°, (15.2±3.0), (0.37±0.08) and (6.5±1.2)°, respectively. The differences were statistically significant (P＜0.01). Conclusion The curative effect of lumbar vertebral posterior approach reduction, bone graft fusion and internal fixation of nail-stick system in the treatment of lumbar 1-2 vertebral fracture dislocation is definite. Preoperative and postoperative CT examination is of important value in the diagnosis of lumbar vertebral fracture dislocation and formulation of treatment plan.