Objective To study the imaging featuresof chest digital radiography (DR) and computed tomography (CT) of children with measles and pneumonia, and to improve their imaging knowledge level so as to provide reference for clinical diagnosis, identification and treatment. Methods The clinical data of 166 children patients with measles and pneumonia in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. According to different examination methods, they were divided into DR group (n=86) and CT group (n=86). The imaging features of two types of examination methods were analyzed and compared among children patients with different disease conditions. Results The chest DR images showed that the incidence rates of blurred lung texture, ground glass and lung parenchymal shadow, lung consolidation, hilar enlargement, mediastinal emphysema and pleural thickeningin children patients with severe disease were significantly higher than those in common children patients (P<0.05). The chest CT images showed that the incidence rates of ground glass, patchy shadow, lung consolidation, pleural thickening and mediastinal emphysema in children patients with severe disease were higher than those in common children patients, and the patchy shadow, lung consolidation involvement and lung lobe quantity were higher than those in common children patients (P<0.05). The detection rates of CT in the pleural thickening and lymphadenectasisin children with measles and pneumonia were higher than those of DR (P<0.05). Conclusion The DR and CT imaging features of children patients with measles and pneumonia can be characterized by increased and thickened texture, ground glass, patchy shadow and lung consolidation according to mild or severe disease conditions., and the detection rates of lymphadenectasis and pleural thickening are higher by CTand the assessment of lesion involvement range is more accurate by CT.