Objective To perspectively investigate the value of BOLD_R2 * and DWI_ ADC in monitoring human renals with early acute rejection. Methods 33 cases of healthy kidneys in situ (group A), 34 cases of normal renal allograft (group B) and 15 cases of renals with acute rejection (group C) who underwent BOLD and DWI procedure at 3.0T were selected as the research objects. The datas were transfered into the workstation for processing after MRI. The measurements of R2 * and ADC0-100, ADC0-800 standardized with muscle on renal cortex, medulla were obtained among the three groups, P<0.05 was difference significant. According to the pathological biopsy, the values of BOLD_R2 * and DWI_ADC standardized to differencitae the kidneys with acute rejection were assessed by ROC curve. Results There were statistic significance for R2 * on renal medulla among the three groups(P<0.05), however no statistic significances were found for medullary R2 * between group A and B; While no statistic significances were found for cortical R2 * among the three groups(P＞0.05). With an area under the ROC curve of R2 * =22.7hz as diagnose critical points, the sensibility was 93.3%, the specificity was 100%, and the accuracy was 0.981 in the prediction of the kidneys with acute rejection. There were statistic significance for cortical standardized ADC0-100, ADC0-800 within groups(P<0.05), however no statistic significances were found for cortical standardized ADC0-100, ADC0-800 between group A and B; while no statistic significances were found for medullary standardized ADC0-100, ADC0-800 among three groups(P＞0.05). With an area under the ROC curve of ADC0-100=1.249、ADC0-800=1.122 as diagnose critical points, the sensibility was 83.3% and 86.7%, the specificity was 91.1% and 92.3%, and the accuracy was 0.947 and 0.978 in the prediction of the transplanted renals with acute rejection, respectively. Conclusion BOLD and DWI is of important value in the early diagnosis of renal acute rejection, which can provide reliable imaging evidence for later treatment.