Objective To study the CT imaging findings of patients with traumatic brain injury and to evaluate and analyze the prognostic value. Methods A total of 168 cases of patients with traumatic brain injury from March 2015 to March 2018 in our hospital were analyzed retrospectively and were divided into good prognostic group (score from 4 to 5 points, 126 cases) and poor prognostic group (score from 1 to 3 points, 42 cases) according to the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) score at 3 months after trauma. All patients were given 64-slice spiral CT examination, analyze the CT findings of third ventricle morphology, lateral ventricle compression, midline displacement and cisterna changes, and to analyze the relationship between these CT findings and the prognosis. Results Among 168 patients with traumatic brain injury, there were 74 cases (44.05%) of patients with a widened third ventricle of 6-10 mm, and there were 89 cases (52.98%) of lateral ventricle compression more than 0.2, and there were 72 cases (42.86%) patients with midline displacement from 6-10 mm, and there were 81 cases (48.21%) of patients with cisterna width of 2 to 3 mm. The single factors affecting the GOS prognosis score in patients with traumatic brain injury were the width of third ventricle, proportion of lateral ventricle compression, midline displacement and cisterna width (P<0.05). The multiple factors affecting GOS prognosis scores in patients with traumatic brain injury were the width of third ventricle from 6 to 10mm, midline displacement> 10mm and cisterna width from 0 to 1mm (P<0.05). Conclusion CT signs have a certain role in suggesting the condition of patients with traumatic brain injury, and the width of the third ventricle, the compression ratio of lateral ventricle and the width of cistern can predict the prognosis of patients to a certain extent, which can provide a reference basis for clinical treatment and later recovery of patients.