Objective To investigate the CT findings and pathological characteristics of pulmonary inflammatory myofibroblastoma (IMT). Methods CT imaging data of 16 patients with IMT confirmed by surgery and pathology were analyzed retrospectively and were compared with clinical pathology. Results All 16 cases were single lesions, including 11 cases located in the right lung, and 5 cases in the left lung. There was no cross lobe. CT imaging showed irregular shape, 5 cases with smooth edges and 11 cases with not finishing edges. Density of 7 cases was inhomogeneous while of 9 cases was homogeneous. Enhanced scan showed varying degrees of enhancement. There was small amount of effusion shadow in 4 cases, calcification shadow in 4 cases and lymph node enlargement in 3 cases. Microscopic observation showed that the spindle-shaped cells were woven in shape or distributed in sarciniform. There was large number of interstitial plasma cells, lymphocytes and eosinophils infiltration. Immunohistochemical examination mainly showed vimentin (Vimenrin) and positive smooth muscle actin (SMA). Conclusion Pulmonary IMT has a variety of manifestations. It is of certain value in the qualitative diagnosis of the disease, but the final diagnosis still depends on the clinical pathological and immunohistochemical examination.