Objective To analyze the clinical diagnostic value of PET/CT 18F-FDG for thyroid disease detection. Methods Selected in our hospital in 2014 February to April 2015 from 600 cases of tumor patients and healthy subjects as the object of study by PET/CT for patients with whole body scan, by EBW workstation on the scanning data were from three different axial tomographic images and fusion images. By PET/CT imaging method for determination of benign or malignant judgment of thyroid disease, and to study the standard uptake value (standardized uptake value, SUV) for the clinical value of diagnosis of thyroid benign and malignant lesions. Thyroid diseases ultimately need to use 99mTcthyroid scanning, thyroid function 5 examination, puncture or surgery and 6 months of follow-up and comprehensive consideration can be determined. Results 52 patients with thyroid disease were detected by PET/CT imaging, the detection rate was 8.7% (52/600), and the cases of 1~5 were found in 28 cases, 2 cases, 14 cases, 4 cases and 4 cases.. The 1~4 diagnosis of PET/CT was more benign and the fifth cases were malignant.. The benign lesions of the SUV values (+ 2.7 2.1), and malignant lesions (+ 3.1 1.4), visible lesions from malignant than benign lesions, but the statistics analysis, has no significant difference (P>0.05). Conclusion By whole body 18F-FDG PET/CT method for thyroid disease diagnosis has certain clinical value, only the SUV values poor effect in the diagnosis of benign and malignant lesions, should be combined with the diagnosis of benign and malignant lesions result more reliable CT and pet, when CT results show thyroid local density decreases, and elevated metabolic pet and SUV value higher than 2.5 for malignant lesions and diagnosis with high clinical value.