Objective To investigate the characteristics of brain glioma MRI and differential diagnosis. Methods The imaging data and the analysis of 53 cases of astrocytoma proved by operation and pathology review, to explore the relationship between MRI manifestations and pathological types. Results ①13 cases of diffuse astrocytoma in 11 cases of cystic, solid, 6 cases with no enhancement, 3 cases showed mild to moderate enhancement in 2 cases of spots, patchy enhancement, 2 cases completely cystic ringlike enhancement; ②In 5 cases of pilocytic astrocytoma in 4 cases of large cyst with a mural nodule and mural nodule enhancement, 1 cases of complete cyst is not enhanced; ③In 7 patients with oligodendroglioma and 4 cases of mixed gliomas were cystic; ④10 cases of punctate or linear light to moderate enhancement, 1 cases enhanced obviously; the 10 cases of glioma and 2 cases of anaplastic astrocytoma showed cystic and showed garland and irregular ring, plaque significantly enhanced; ⑤7 cases the ependymal tumor 6 cases showed cystic solid, cystic, apparently irregular ring like enhancement, 1 cases of complete bladder is not enhanced; ⑥ 5 cases of choroid plexus papilloma showed homogeneous solid masses and significantly enhanced. Conclusion Glioma shape, type, and degree of enhancement and the pathologic types are closely related.