Objective To analyze the curative effect of comprehensive nursing combined with video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) in the treatment of traumatic hemopneumothorax. Methods 64 cases of traumatic hemopneumothorax patients in our hospital from January 2015 to January 2017 were collected as the cases objects and were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group with 32 cases in each group according to the random number table method. The control group was only given VATS treatment and the observation group was given comprehensive nursing on the basis of treatment in the control group. Patients out of bed activity time and hospital stays were compared between the two groups, and the negative emotions before and after treatment were evaluated and analyzed between the two groups by anxiety/depression self-rating scales, and the incidence rate of adverse reactions during hospitalization was counted. Results Before intervention, there was no difference between the two groups in the general clinical data and the scores of anxiety and depression (P>0.05). And after comprehensive nursing and VATS treatment, the length of indwelling catheter, the time under the bed and the length of hospital stay in the observation group were shorter than those in the control group, and the scores of self- rating anxiety score (SAS) and self-rating depression score (SDS) were lower than those in the control group. During hospitalization, the total incidence rate of adverse complications was 3.12% in the observation group, which was significantly lower than that in the control group with18.75%, and the above observing indexes were statistically significant between the groups (P<0.05). Conclusion Comprehensive nursing combined with VATS can reduce postoperative adverse psychological stress and postoperative pressure ulcers, intestinal obstruction and other adverse complications through all-round nursing in the treatment of traumatic hemopneumothorax.