Objective To explore the effect of blood glucose control nursing on the pregnancy outcomes of patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods 200 cases of patients with GDM treated in the department of obstetrics in Central Hospital of Xinxiang from January 2016 to January 2017 were randomly divided into the observation group (n=100) and the control group (n=100). The control group was given routine nursing care while the observation group was given routine nursing care combined with blood glucose control nursing. The blood glucose levels [fasting blood glucose (FPG), postprandial 2h blood glucose (2hPG) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbAlc)], maternal pregnancy outcomes and perinatal complications were compared between the two groups. Results After nursing, FPG, 2hPG and HbAlc levels in the two groups were significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the levels in observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). The incidence rates of polyhydramnios, premature rupture of membranes, postpartum hemorrhage, cesarean section and pregnancy induced hypertension in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). The incidence rates of perinatal hypoglycemia, neonatal asphyxia, macrosomia, neonatal jaundice and stillbirth in the observation group were also significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion The application of blood glucose control nursing in nursing of patients with GDM can effectively improve the patients’ blood glucose levels, and reduce the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes and perinatal complications.