目的 探究脑微出血(CMBs)在颅 脑磁共振成像(MRI)上的影像表现，分析 CMBs发生部位、数量与认知障碍的相关 性。方法 对入选患者行常规头颅MRI及 SWI检查，选择CMBs阳性患者(CMBs组)52 例和CMBs阴性患者54(对照组)，比较CMBs 组患者CMBs分区情况、两组患者MoCA评分 差异及不同部位CMBs数量与蒙特利尔认知 评估量表(MoCA)评分的相关性。结果 共 检出1657个CMBs病灶，SWI对CMBs病灶的 检出数量较MRI常规序列更多，且以大脑 半球深部及颞叶分布最多；与对照组比 较，CMBs组MoCA各维度评分及总分均显 著降低，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)； Spearman相关性分析显示，CMBs总数与 MoCA评分负相关(r=-0.68，P<0.05)。结 论 SWI较常规MRI序列能检出更多CMBs病 灶，且不同部位CMBs数量与患者认知障碍 密切相关，CMBs数量越多，患者认知障碍 越严重。

Objective To investigate imaging findings of cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and to analyze location and number of CMBs, and its correlation with cognitive disorders. Methods The routine brain MRI and SWI were performed on the chosen patients. 52 patients with positive CMBs (CMBs group) and 54 patients with negative CMBs (control group) were selected. The CMBs partitions of patients were compared in CMBs group. The differences of MoCA scores, the correlation between CMBs quantity at different sites and the score of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) were compared between the two groups. Results A total of 1657 CMBs lesions were detected. The detected number of CMBs lesions by SWI was more than that by MRI regular sequence. And deep cerebral hemisphere and temporal distribution were the most. Compared with those in the control group, the scores in each dimension and total scores of MoCA in the CMBs group were significantly lower (P<0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed that the total number of CMBs was negatively correlated with MoCA score (r=-0.68, P<0.05). Conclusion Compared with routine MRI sequences, SWI can detect more CMBs lesions. And the number of CMBs at different sites is closely related to cognitive disorders of patients. The more number of CMBs, the more serious the cognitive disorders.