目的 观察纵隔型肺癌CT及MRI的 影像学表现，并将其诊断结果与术后病理 学进行一致性分析。方法 选择我院2015 年5月至2018年5月经手术病理学确诊为纵 隔型肺癌患者42例进行回顾性分析，所 有患者均实施CT和MRI检查。对比观察所 有患者CT和MRI影像学表现及手术病理结 果，并将两种诊断结果与手术病理诊断 进行一致性分析。结果 手术病理、CT、 MRI诊断结果在中央型、周围型肺癌、肺 癌类型及发病部位诊断差异均无统计学意 义(P＞0.05)。CT诊断中央型/周围型肺癌 结果，与手术病理结果诊断一致性较好 (Kappa＞0.7)；CT诊断鳞癌、小细胞癌、 腺癌结果，与手术病理结果存在一致性 (Kappa＞0.4)；CT诊断左肺上叶、左肺下 叶、右肺上叶、右肺下叶肺癌，与手术 病理结果完全一致(Kappa=1.0)。MRI诊 断中央型/周围型肺癌、小细胞癌结果， 与手术病理结果诊断一致性较好(Kappa＞ 0.7)；MRI诊断鳞癌、腺癌、左肺上叶、 左肺下叶、右肺上叶、右肺下叶结果，与 手术病理结果完全一致(Kappa=1.0)。结 论 纵隔型肺癌患者使用CT和MRI检查诊断 结果与病理检查结果差异不明显，且两种 诊断方式一致性均较高，但MRI诊断优势 明显，故在实际诊断中可根据患者情况进 行合理选择。  

Objective CT and MRI findings of mediastinal lung cancer were observed, and the diagnostic results were consistent with the pathological diagnosis after operation. . Methods A total of 42 patients diagnosed as mediastinal lung cancer by surgical pathology from May 2015 to May 2018 in our hospital were analyzed retrospectively. All patients accepted CT and MRI examination. The CT and MRI imaging findings and surgical pathological results of all patients were compared, and the consistency between the two diagnostic results and surgical pathological diagnosis was analyzed. Results There were no significant differences in the diagnosis of central lung cancer, peripheral lung cancer, types of lung cancer and disease location among surgical pathology, CT and MRI (P>0.05). The diagnosis results of central/peripheral lung cancer by CT were well consistent with the surgical pathology results (Kappa>0.7). The results of CT diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma, small cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma were consistent with surgical pathological results (Kappa>0.4). The results of CT diagnosis of superior lobe of left lung, inferior lobe of left lung, superior lobe of right lung and inferior lobe of right lung were completely consistent with surgical pathology results (Kappa=1.0). The results of MRI diagnosis of central/peripheral lung cancer and small cell carcinoma were well consistent with surgical pathology results (Kappa>0.7). The results of MRI diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, superior lobe of left lung, inferior lobe of left lung, superior lobe of right lung and inferior lobe of right lung were completely consistent with the surgical pathology results (Kappa=1.0). Conclusion The diagnostic results of CT and MRI in patients with mediastinal lung cancer are not significantly different from those of pathological examination, and the consistency of the two diagnostic methods is high, but the advantages of MRI diagnosis are obvious. Therefore, reasonable selection can be made according to the actual diagnosis of patients.