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论著-头颈部

粥样硬化性大脑中 动脉狭窄或闭塞患 者病灶分布与卒中 机制的MRI研究*

作者:张丹凤 殷信道 周俊山

所属单位:江苏省南京市第一医院医学影像科 (江苏 南京 210006)

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摘要

目的 运用MRI成像方法探讨大 脑中动脉狭窄或闭塞患者的梗死灶分布 与卒中机制之间的联系。方法 回顾性分 析2014年1月至2016年5月我院住院的138 例单侧大脑中动脉主干狭窄伴供血区域 急性脑梗死患者的临床资料及头颅MR检 查(包括T1WI、T2WI、DWI、MRA)。依据 DWI上高信号病灶的分布部位将梗死灶 分为皮层梗死、深穿支梗死和交界区梗 死;依据DWI上高信号病灶数目分为单发 梗死(MCA供血区的单一梗死灶)、多发 梗死(MCA供血区两个及两个以上的不连 续病灶);依据MRA将MCA主干狭窄程度 分为中度狭窄、重度狭窄、闭塞。比较 不同狭窄程度之间病灶的数目与梗死分 布之间的差异。结果 138例图像用于分 析,其中单发梗死者61例、多发梗死者 77例;大脑中动脉中度狭窄组54例、重 度狭窄组58例、闭塞组26例。中度狭窄 组以单发的深穿支梗死为最常见的分布 类型(χ2 =13.197;P<0.001)。重度狭窄 组以多发的皮层梗死+深穿支梗死+交界 区梗死多见(χ2 =5.561;P=0.018)。闭 塞组病灶分布在单发与多发之间的差异 无统计学意义(χ2 =0.049;P=0.842),但 大面积梗死较其他组多(χ2 =24.745; P<0.001)。结论 粥样硬化性大脑中动脉 狭窄或闭塞患者的病灶分布与梗死机制 存在一定的关系。

Objective To investigate the association between lesion patterns and infarction mechanism in acute infarction patients who had atherosclerotic middle cerebral artery(MCA) stenosis or occlusion. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 138 cases acute infarction in unilateral MCA areas with MCA stem stenosis or occlusion from January 2014 to May 2016, including clinical data and head MR examination(T1WI, T2WI, DWI, MRA). According to distribution of hyperintense on DWI, lesion patterns were divided into perforating artery infarction(PAI), pial infarction(PI), border-zone infarction(BZI). Single infarction had one lesion, multiple infarctions had two or more lesion. According to MRA, the degree of MCA stenosis was divided into moderate, severe, occlusive. Then, we compared the difference between single infarction and multiple infarctions, different stenotic degree. Results 61 cases had single lesion, 77 cases had multiple lesions. Moderate stenosis group had 54 cases, single PAI was the most common infarction type(χ2 =13.197, P<0.001). Severe stenosis group had 58 cases, multiple PI+PAI+BZIwas the most common infarction type(χ2 =5.561, P=0.018). Occlusion group had 26 cases, there was no statistical differernce between single lesion and multiple lesions(χ2 =0.049, P=0.842), but it has many large area infarction cases(χ2 =24.745, P<0.001). Conclusion Different infarction patterns may indicate different mechanism in patients with atherosclerotic middle cerabral artery stenosis or occlusion.

【关键词】大脑中动脉;动脉粥样硬化; 弥散加权成像;梗死类型

【中图分类号】R651.1

【文献标识码】A

【DOI】10.3969/j.issn.1672- 5131.2017.08.004

前言

研究指出缺血性脑卒中患者在白种人中以颅外颈动脉狭窄为主, 而亚洲人群以颅内大动脉狭窄多见[1],其中大脑中动脉(MCA,middle cerebral artery)狭窄的发病率最高[2]。脑卒中在我国发病率及致残 率较高[3],研究其可能的机制对医生和患者意义重大。DWI对早期缺血 性脑卒中非常敏感,MRA显示血管清晰,与DSA有较高的符合率[4],所 以本研究采用DWI结合磁共振血管成像(MRA,MR angiography),探讨 大脑中动脉狭窄或闭塞患者的病灶分布及可能的发病机制。