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CT定量分析肺动脉 栓塞病情严重等级 的准确性分析*

作者:杨晓光 刘挨师 郝粉娥 赵 磊 王泽锋

所属单位:内蒙古医科大学附属医院影像诊断 科 (内蒙古 呼和浩特 010050)

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摘要

目的 探析CT定量分析肺动脉栓 塞病情严重等级的准确性。方法 回顾性 分析经临床及CTPA证实的APE患者,均 行CT检查,总结患者CT征象、明确PE患 者病情严重等级并以临床及CTPA结果为 基准计算分级准确率。结果 PE患者平 扫征象以局限性密度增高、局限性密度 减低、肺动脉异常扩张、两肺后部胸膜 下斑片、索条影等为主,大部分患者栓 塞区碘基值显著低于对照区,病情严重 程度分级准确性为93.0%(40/43)。结论 平扫结合相关病史可及时确定PE发生风 险,CT定量分析可明确患者病情严重程 度,准确性高,CT检查在PE中应用临床 价值显著。

Objective To explore the accuracy of CT quantitative analysis of the severity level of pulmonary embolism. Methods Patients with APE confirmed by clinic and CTPA were retrospectively analyzed. All underwent CT examination. The CT findings of patients were summarized and the severity level of PE was defined. The clinical and CTPA results were taken as the standard to calculate the accuracy rate of classification. Results The findings of plain scan of PE patients mainly were increase of local density, decrease of local density, abnormal dilatation of pulmonary arteries, posterior subpleural patches in the two lungs and strip shadows, etc.. The iodo-values of embolization areas were significantly lower than those of the control areas in most patients and the accuracy of classification of severity level was 93.0% (40/43). Conclusion Plain scan combined with related history can timely determine the risk of PE. CT quantitative analysis can determine the severity of the patient's pathogenetic condition and the accuracy is high. The clinical value of CT examination in PE is significant.

【关键词】肺动脉栓塞;病情严重等 级;CT定量分析;碘基值

【中图分类号】R542.5+4

【文献标识码】A

【DOI】10.3969/j.issn.1672- 5131.2017.08.020

前言

肺动脉栓塞(pulmonary embolism,PE)是一组以各种栓子阻塞肺动 脉血流运行为病因的肺循环障碍综合征,多为内源性或外源性栓子栓 塞肺动脉或其分支所致,为发病率最高的肺血管疾病,在心血管疾病 中的发病率则位居第3,仅次于冠心病与高血压。我国PE发病率由1997 年的0.03%升高至2008年的0.14%,且男性发病率明显更高,病死率则 由25%降低至8%[1]。PE以肺血栓栓塞最为常见,此外还包括脂肪栓塞、 空气栓塞、羊水栓塞等。PE临床症状缺乏特异性,因而易引起漏诊 及误诊致使治疗延误,有研究显示[2],治疗不及时所致PE死亡率高达 30%,对患者生命安全造成严重威胁。因而早期正确诊断并予以积极治 疗为避免病情进一步发展及预后改善的关键,有研究提出[3],PE患者 获得治疗后死亡率可降低10倍。螺旋CT为近年临床常用无创伤、诊断 准确率较高的检查方法,目前认为其在PE患者中的应用对中心性肺动 脉栓塞及周围性肺动脉栓塞均有较大价值。本文分析了PE患者的平扫 征象及CT定量分析肺动脉栓塞病情严重等级的准确性,现报道如下。